Control-theoretic modeling of multi-species water quality dynamics in drinking water networks: Survey, methods, and test cases

Chlorine is a widely used disinfectant and proxy for water quality (WQ) monitoring in distribution networks (WDN). Chlorine-based WQ regulation control aims to maintain pathogen-free water. residual evolution within WDN commonly modeled using the typical single-species decay reaction dynamics that account network-wide, spatiotemporal chlorine concentrations only. Prior studies have proposed more advanced accurate descriptions via multi-species dynamics. This paper presents host of novel state-space, control-theoretic representations These describe decay, reaction, transport fictitious reactive substance reflect realistic complex scenarios WDN. Such are simulated over space- time-discretized grids partial differential equation nonlinear ordinary equation. To end, this (i) provides full description on how formulate high fidelity model-driven state-space representation (ii) investigates applicability performance different Eulerian-based schemes (Lax-Wendroff, backward Euler, Crank- Nicolson) Lagrangian-based (method characteristics) contrast with EPANET its EPANET-MSX extension. Numerical case reveal Lax-Wendroff scheme method characteristics outperform other reliable results under reasonable assumptions limitations.